Proper tips for stone house building

Interested in building a house out of stone but not sure where to start? Check out these tips and learn some stonemasonry techniques you should know.

Stone for building should be durable and waterproof — qualities that depend not only on the type of rock but also on climate.

• Limestone is among the most durable of materials in arid regions but will weather rapidly in a wet climate unless protected by broad eaves, verandah or covered porch.T
• ake advantage of the special quality of stone and aim to build an aesthetically appealing building in harmony with its surroundings.
• A house built of the right stone correctly mortared in place will outlast its builder and stand longer than a house made of almost any other material.

The skill of the stonemason involves selecting the proper stone to lay in a particular place and then adjusting it to fit securely, either by shaping the stone or by filling around it with smaller rock fragments called shims.

• The first stone structures were dry — they were built without mortar.
• Later, clay, lime or cement was used to hold the rocks or stones in place.
• In either type of masonry, structural integrity depends on the same two forces: gravity and friction. The mason must use these forces to create enduring stonework.

• For slipforming, make high-quality concrete by mixing one part cement with three parts sand and two parts aggregate. The best aggregate for stonework is roughly 10 millimetres (1/2 inch) in diameter.
• Mortar for footing, below-ground rubble work, piers, columns and in damp places can be the same as that used for general work or slipforming.
• Above-ground masonry is done best when the mortar comprises one part cement, six parts sand and one part hydrated lime.
• For small buildings not subjected to concentrated loads or damp, you could also use lime mortar, which incorporates lime putty. To make lime putty, soak hydrated lime with water for 24 hours.
• Make the mortar by mixing one part lime putty to three parts sand.

The key to stress-free stone building is easy access to the raw material.

• The cost of transporting heavy stone can be prohibitive, so if possible, select a site close to your source of stones.
• Ask nearby landowners if they have unwanted stone on their property — it may be free for the hauling.

Consider these handy tips before you get started, and start building your stone house the right way!